Compensation And Benefit Strategies For Current Generation Workforce Business Essay

Pay And Benefit Strategies For Current Generation Workforce Business Essay Pay and advantages is one of the numerous elements of human asset the executives. Remuneration plans have not generally been viewed as a key business activity. In any case, with the impacts they have on enlisting, holding and spurring individuals pay configuration is a basic component to making progress. Presentation: Workers are the most significant resources of any association. The primary motivation behind human asset the board (HRM) is to deal with the turn of events and execution of individuals utilized in an association. A portion of the significant assignments of HRM incorporate pulling in and holding representatives with the correct aptitudes and capacities, coordinate individuals to the correct situations inside an association and to adjust workers objectives and targets with that of the associations. All these key assignments are straightforwardly or in a roundabout way influenced by remuneration and advantages plan which the human asset the board chooses. Remuneration and advantages reclassifies worth and achievement in any work environment. A productive remuneration and advantages procedure is viewed as an open door by associations to separate themself from their rivals, who may somehow remove skilled workforce. Consequently, associations need to know the advancing needs of the working populace to ensure they offer the most serious bundle. This paper receives a general methodology which might be pertinent to number of various associations or businesses and examines how the new age workforce is having an effect and driving associations to change their customary pay procedures. This paper additionally inspects how organizations situated in various areas and nations take a gander at remuneration and advantages part of human asset the board, to draw in and hold their profoundly qualified staff. At last the paper sums up and examinations not many articles identified with HR rehearses in remuneration and advantages, and check whether they fit into associations looking for best practice. Remuneration and advantage methodologies for current age workforce: Remuneration is a significant driver in the accomplishment of any association and it is likewise obvious that it is perhaps the most elevated cost for an association. In this way, remuneration is constantly under substantial examination by the top administrators of an organization. Remuneration isn't just deliberately broke down by the administration, yet additionally investigated by workers and planned representatives. In the event that appropriately executed, compelling remuneration configuration can improve hierarchical viability, bolster human capital prerequisites of the association, and propel the workers to accomplish key corporate key and budgetary objectives (Ellig, B. R. 2007). Powerful pay and advantages technique is no simple undertaking, particularly with the enormous associations and ever-changing requests of the workforce. To develop the most appealing pay and advantages bundle, associations should now handle the essential scene change in workforce prerequisites and requests. Representatives conceived during the 60s and 70s (age X) have surrendered spot to another age of laborers (age Y). An adaptable way to deal with remuneration and advantages is presently required to fulfill the various needs of these ages. Anticipating the future has for some time been the witticism administering Generation Xs way to deal with their vocations thus, customarily, liberal benefits arrangement has been the way to pulling in laborers. Be that as it may, for Generation Y, needs have changed. For example, in an examination directed a year ago, only 4% of 16-multi year olds were pulled in to their boss due to their benefits commitment, contrasted with 17% of 45-multi year olds (HR magazine, March 2011). Absolutely, more youthful specialists are progressively scrutinizing the traditions and customs of the working environmen t and now benefits plans, already equivalent with security, are viewed as insecure. In present day condition, representatives have gotten significantly more instructed on the potential outcomes accessible to them with sources like online compensation adding machines, industry talk rooms, etc (Schneider, B., Paul, K. B. 2011). Workers presently find out about current market pay levels, new chances and how to effectively arrange remuneration bundles. Remembering these progressions associations incorporate numerous other noncash parts to the potential money segments to think of a reasonable, serious and an alluring pay program (Schneider, B., Paul, K. B. 2011). Worker benefits are aberrant types of remuneration gave by the associations to their workforce as a major aspect of a business relationship. To go after quality workers in todays commercial center, bosses must accomplish more than offer a reasonable compensation. Representatives additionally search forward for a decent advantages bundle; in reality workers have become used to liberal advantages projects, and join an association anticipating them. Representative advantages exist in associations all around the globe and the levels and scope of these advantages differ between nations. A portion of the advantages organizations offer can resemble organization settlement, organization gave vehicles, medical coverage, retirement benefits, simple advances, etc. Pay and Benefit systems utilized in associations: According to Kevin OConnell, there are three essential segments in a vital remuneration plan. In the first place, constructing a strong establishment for the arrangement to comprehend the business system is required. Where the organization is presently and where is it making a beeline for later on, what are its present moment and long haul objectives. This will give the vital data expected to build a strong system for the structure of a pay plan. Second, understanding hierarchical abilities and how the job of remuneration assumes a key job to accomplish authoritative objectives is basic. This will give a phenomenal comprehension of what positions are the most basic to a companys future achievement and the different remuneration choices accessible to persuade workers to make this progress. Third, adjusting pay to human capital administration activities will help build up an arrangement that permits the organization to effectively enroll and hold representatives (OConnell, K. 2007). We will perceive how various associations have conquered critical business challenges by reexamining and deliberately structuring new remuneration plans. By finding the correct harmony between authoritative objectives and worker needs, remuneration plans can assume a vital job in the accomplishment of a business. Jamba Juice case: Jamba juice was established in 1990. It is a pioneer in mixed to-arrange natural product smoothies and organic product juices. (Source: http://www.jambajuice.com/) Since its commencement, it discovered representative maintenance as a significant issue. It was situated in San Francisco sound territory and consequently the representatives had more choices with different managers arranged there. A great deal of these businesses were innovation based and offered more liberal monetary advantages than the nourishment retailer. To handle this issue, Jamba Juice presented a remuneration plan, called J.U.I.C.E plan which permits the senior supervisor to get a level of stores income relying upon their businesss last execution. It permits deals with an offer in the benefits over a time of three years. At the point when the senior supervisors increment the year-to-year deals, cash accumulates in a maintenance account, which is payable just in multi year cycles. This maintenance account gives mom entary maintenance benefits, yet additionally motivating forces to remain with Jamba. Additionally, administrators at administrative positions are offered investment opportunities. What's more, when aide administrators are advanced, their senior supervisors additionally get a money grant of $ 1000 for their improvement endeavors. In a profoundly serious industry Jamba had the option to effectively diminish turnover. (Smooth Jeffrey, 2011) The MAERSK way: MAERSK rewards supreme execution as well as spotlights essentially on execution comparative with peers, says Alex Penvern, Global Head of Group Compensation, Rewards and Executive HR. This had not generally been the situation. Under five years prior, compensations in the organization were portrayed by secret rewards, granted with next to no straightforwardness. One of Penverns first difficulties when he joined MAERSK in quite a while to make an adaptable, quantifiable and quantifiable pay and advantages structure that was justifiable and could, after some time, be turned out consistently over the association (Source: http://www.maersk.com/Pages/default.aspx). He addressed CEOs of every business inside the gathering and concentrated on the official pay structure that focussed on relative conveyance. During these discussions he examined scope of various execution measures, occurring in yearly meetings which were a piece of the presentation the executives cycle. The result was a relative presentation appropriation of the companys best and less successful entertainers. The organization accepts that our kin are roused by this steady endeavoring to improve, says Penvern. You can never become complacent or spend too much time applauding yourself, since you know how hard every other person is running. We need individuals who flourish in this air. This is gotten practice and fortified by a deliberately thought about appropriation of remunerations to the best workers. Since the presentation of the compensation for-execution conspire, less exceptionally superior workers are making sure about a fundamentally bigger portion of the reward on offer. The best workers get almost twofold the reward opportunity that they completed barely any years back however to procure that reward they have to keep up or remain in front of their friends or market. While Penvern talks about the worth the organization makes in this exhibition culture, he accepts that the straightforwardness of its reward framework is similarly as significant. The exercise is clear. Organization needs to fabricate representative commitment and drive execution both by having an unmistakable and straightforward remuneration plot that connections pay and execution and by

Danger Of Ebola Virus - Free Essay Example

The Ebola virus (EBOV) emerged in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and had 318 reported cases (Burd, 2014). Particular strains and mutations of the Ebola virus are prominent in each of the outbreaks and are the reason for the continuing outbreaks. Three major mutations in the virus were prevalent in the population during the outbreak in West Africa in 2014 to 2016. The Ebola virus and the mutations present during the outbreak in West Africa from 2014 to 2016 created the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak in history caused by Ebola virus species.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a deadly disease that affects humans and nonhuman primates. It was discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo and believed to be animal-borne. There are six known species of the genus Ebolavirus and their nucleotide sequences differ from 35 to 40%. They are named by the region in which they were discovered. The species that cause disease in humans are the Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Ta Forest ebolavirus (TAFV), and Ebola virus (originally Zaire ebolavirus) (EBOV). EBOV is the type species and has the highest mortality rate with the greatest number of outbreaks. In the 2014-2016 epidemic in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia, 28,616 people were infected and 11,310 killed. The EBOV gained access into other countries in Africa, Europe and North America, mainly due to travel of individuals. EBOV is still an epidemic threat as shown by the current outbreak st arting in May 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Burd, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The initial case of Ebola virus disease in western Africa was reported in Guinea in December 2013. The first case of the outbreak was an 18-month-old boy in Guinea who most likely attained the disease after being in contact with a bat and died on December 6, 2013. This was most likely the source of the spread of the disease from person-to-person (Burd, 2014). Several fatal cases of diarrhea led to an official medical alert that was issued on January 24, 2104. The disease spread to the capital of Guinea and the Ministry of Health issued an alert for an unidentified illness on March 13, 2014. The Pasteur Institute in France confirmed the illness as Ebola virus disease (EBD) caused by Zaire ebolavirus. On March 23, 2014 the WHO declared an outbreak of EBD following 49 confirmed cases of the disease and 29 deaths. Due to poor containment and preventative methods, the disease spread to Guineas neighboring countries (CDC, 2017). The outbreak keeps gaining momen tum by poor sanitation and inadequate medical facilities. Also the traditions of West Africa involve close handling of the dead but still-contagious bodies posing a hazard during burial practices (Burd, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wong, G., et al. (2018) investigated three of the prevalent mutations that impacted viral fitness in the 2014-2016 outbreak. The mutations were found in the glycoprotein (GP), nucleoprotein (NP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) in the virus in cell cultures from clinical samples from EBOV patients during the 2014-2016 epidemic.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over 97% of known EBOV strains between 2014 and 2016 contained the GP, NP and/or L mutations; A82V in the glycoprotein, R111C in the nucleoprotein, and D759G in the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. These mutations were generated based on the sequence of EBOV/C07 (WT), a Guinean isolate from the EBOV epidemic and is commonly used as a preliminary model for West African EBOV studies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The NP and L mutations appear to decrease virulence, whereas GP slightly increases virulence but mainly impacts the specificity of a virus for a certain host. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome arose and became dominant in the human population, with high frequency. SNPs were found in non-synonymous mutations and possibly contribute to virulence. For instance, the mutant A82V in the glycoprotein (GP) in studies using EBOV GP-pseudotyped viruses have shown this mutation results in increased tropism for human-origin cell lines but decreased tropism for bat-origin cell lines and an increase in infectivity. This mutation, located at the NPC1-binding site on EBOV GP had increased frequency. Diehl et al. (2018) found that GP-A82V had an ability to infect primate cells, including human dendritic cells. The increased infectivity was restricted to cells that have primate-specific NPC1 sequences at the EBOV interface, that showed that the mutation was an adaptation to the human host. GP-A82V was associated with increased mortality, consistent with the hypothesis that the heightened intrinsic infectivity of GP-A82V contributed to disease severity during the EVD epidemic. The mutant R111C in the nucleoprotein impacts viral transcription and replication. Lastly the mutant D759G in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase impacts viral replication.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Host-origin cell lines such as monkey (VeroE6), human (Huh7 and A549) and insectivorous bat (Tb1.Lu) were used for in vitro studies because of their susceptibility to in vitro infection with EBOV. The models used were ferrets and Type I interferon receptor-deficient mice (Ifnar1-/-). The results showed that these single mutations had new characteristics of replication and virulence implying better viral evolution for better replication and adaption to the host.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The in vitro data suggests that L and NP are better equipped for replication in VeroE6 and A549 cells compared to WT and GP, while L has a disadvantage in replication in Huh7 cells compared to WT, GP and NP. The results are consistent with previous in vitro data and results, where infection of VeroE6 and Huh7 cell lines by a live EBOV mutant while carrying the GP, NP and L mutations would be expected to result in enhanced replication.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For in vivo studies, Ifnar1-/- mice were aptly used because this phenotype has shown to be susceptible to infection by wild-type filoviruses including a disease evolvement similar to humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs), even after a low dose of the virus. They are low in cost and do not have demanding requirements. Low doses are more helpful for detecting small variations in phenotype. The results of this study indicate that the L mutation decreases the virulence of EBOV in vivo as shown by mice and ferrets. The increased length of virus shedding, that is the release of virus progeny following reproduction throughout infection, in the ferrets may contribute to increased transmission. This can serve as evidence for the large number of cases during the 2014-2016 epidemic. In conclusion, NP decreases the in vivo virulence and GP increases in vivo virulence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An interesting point from the study was the different results from the in vitro and in vivo studies. It was noted that the differences arose as neither cell culture, Ifnar1-/- mice or domestic ferrets can accurately outline human EBOV disease, leading to conflicting outcomes. The immune system was also only moderately modeled in these studies due to its complexity in humans. This study provides a stable outline for testing virulence changes associated with mutants and identifying compromised areas of the virus, which could lead to further tests for antivirals as well as surveillance studies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, Marzi et al. (2018) demonstrated that identified mutations in the EBOV-Makona genome, which was prominent during the West African epidemic, do not significantly alter pathogenicity. This was tested in Ifnar-/- mice and rhesus macaque monkeys. They infected mice and rhesus macaques with EBOV-Makona isolates containing or missing those mutations. All of the isolates behaved very similarly independent of the genotype, causing severe or lethal disease in mice and macaques. So they were not able to detect any evidence for differences in virus shedding. No specific biological phenotype could be associated with these EBOV-Makona mutations in those two animal models. It was proposed that EBOV-Makona has certain properties that bring about higher pathogenicity and transmissibility in humans. They as well as others have studied certain biological aspects of EBOV-Makona in comparison with previous EBOV isolates (Mayinga 1976 and Kikwit 1995), including Wong, et al. Even with controversial outcomes, no convincing findings has been published that EBOV-Makona bears unusual biological features explaining higher pathogenicity or increased transmissibility. They were unable to find any significant differences between these EBOV-Makona isolates in mice and rhesus macaques, suggesting that these mutations lead at most to modestly decreased pathogenicity in animal models.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 2014-2016 EBOV disease became a large epidemic due to poor sanitation and medical care, high population mobility and traditional practices. The prolonged nature of the EBOV disease epidemic in West Africa meant that the virus had undergone mutations and adapted to its human hosts over time. Several non-synonymous mutations have become fixed in the population during the emergence of the virus in 2014-2016. Studies with pseudotyped viruses carrying the GP mutation only, as well as in vitro with live virus carrying all three of the GP, NP and L mutations appeared to exhibit enhanced virulence. The mutations discussed had no impact on pathogenicity in animal models, as they always caused disease. The mutations did have a profound impact on infectivity as the Ebola virus is very infectious, pathogenic, and virulent as it causing a severe, often fatal disease.

ACT Scores for Public Universities in North Carolina

The Film A Better Life - 1220 Words

Within the film A Better Life there are many examples of situations that are seen as subjects which many people do not openly talk about. Circumstances such as illegal immigration and how people who do chose to enter the United States through backdoor channels can actually be a benefit to society and raise productive members of society. Furthermore, the movie depicts an illegal, Carlos Galindo and his struggles of maintaining a job, being a single parent, and at the same time evading detection from United States immigration officers. This struggle of trying to provide for his son Luis and make sure he maintains the correct direction which he is following to be a successful member of society is plagued by Luis’s friend, Facundo and his girlfriend, Ruthie Valdez. Both of Luis’s friends are on the track of being stuck inside of a Hispanic gang. This rips Luis in half due to his proper upbringing by his father Carlos. This paper will document multiple occurrences from the film and analyze the cultural significance for each event. Originally, Carlos and his wife immigrated illegally to the United States just before Luis was born with the intent to establish â€Å"a better life†. This was followed by the struggles that all illegals face, which resulted in a difficult life. Carlos’s inability to provide an extravagant lifestyle to his wife caused her to leave him to care for Luis himself. From our lectures we learned this type of behavior from a Mexican woman is not typicalShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Coraline 1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie, Coraline is an animated film that takes you to another universe in your mind. Adventure and suspense are major aspects of this movie. Though the targeted audience of the movie is geared towards young adults, it is also child friendly. The genre of the movie is fantasy/thriller; movies categorized by this genre are usually seasonal thrillers. 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My Second Home free essay sample

Over this past summer, I traveled to Ireland. The long plane ride over was worth seeing the rolling hills and beautiful green acres once again. After I arrived and settled in, I did what I always do. I walked down the old farm roads to the Atlantic ocean, to take in the magnificent view of my new but familiar surroundings. As I sat on top of the rocky cliffs, with the wind in my hair, I couldnt help but feel that I was finally home. Both my Mother and my Father, left Ireland at age eighteen, because of the lack of opportunity. They settled to a new life in America, where my brothers and I were born. Every year since then, my parents have traveled back, bringing my brothers and I with them, to expose us to our Irish culture and heritage, and visit family. Traveling to Ireland every year has sparked my interest in world travel and seeing new cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on My Second Home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has really helped me get to know who I really am. Although I was born and spent most of my life in America, I feel as if a majority of who I am, is because of my time spent in Ireland. Ireland holds some of my most precious childhood memories. Whether I was spending long days with my cousins in search of leprechaun gold, or writing poetry about the Emerald Isle while sitting on the Cliffs of Moher, I had a memorable experience. Ireland also holds the people I care about most, my family. Seeing them every year, brings tears to my eyes, because of how much time we spend apart; but it never takes us long to catch up. All their welcoming smiles and their memorable faces, only convince me further, that Ireland is where I belong. Of course every summer, there comes the day which I must leave my family and friends. Tears are shed by everyone as we try to make the moment last, but we know too well that, all good things must come to end. My tears dry when I realize that I can always think back to the summers and smile knowing Ill always have a home in Ireland.

The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka Essay Example

The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka Essay The USA Patriot Act of 2001 is a controversial public policy, which greatly undermines the civil liberties and constitutional freedom of the American people. This essay will moved from an overview of the USA Patriot Act to a review of the critical literature regarding the importance of the Act to the safety of Americans and shows how the Act violates the civil rights and liberties of citizens and noncitizens alike. After presenting sufficient evidence that the Patriot Act violates many of the basic principles that have been articulated in the U. S. Constitution, particularly within the Bill of Rights, I will, propose recommendations that if implemented scrupulously could help to restore American confidence in governments determination to continue functioning as the protector of civil liberties and rights. In the wake of the worst terrorist attacks in U. S. history on September 11, 2001, just six weeks later with little Congressional resistance or analysis; the U. S. Congress passed into law the USA Patriot Act. The Patriot Act titled â€Å"Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism† granted an unprecedented and vast power to federal investigative services, which greatly undermines the civil liberties and constitutional freedom of the American people. The main objective of the Patriot Act is to deter and punish terrorist acts in the U. S. and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes, (Act, 2001, p. 1). We will write a custom essay sample on The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite this purpose, the Act represents both good and bad points with respect to fighting terrorism and negative consequences on the civil liberties of U. S. citizens. For the most part, I believe the USA Patriot Act does little to combat terrorism and represents a threat to the liberties of the American people. There is no denying that the hastily passed Patriot Act does have provisions and measures that help the U. S. Government expand its surveillance of suspected terrorists and their activities. For example, Section 101Establishes a new counter terrorism fund without fiscal year limitation and of unnamed amount, to be administered by the Justice Department for its own use. Section 103Re-invigorates the Justice Departments Technical Support Center (established by the Anti Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996) and gives it $200 million for each of the next three years, 2002 through 2004. Section 105: Establishes a national network of electronic crimes task forces o be set up by the Secret Service throughout the country to prevent, detect, and investigate various electronic crimes including potential terrorist attacks against critical infrastructures and financial payment systemswhich can mean a wide variety of computer crimes. (Michaels Van Bergen, 2002). Moreover, section 203 of the Act combined forces of domestic law enforcement and foreign intelligence, previously separate collection operations on separate tracks, (Podesta, 2002, p. ). Furthermore, the Act pro vides U. S. authorities with expanded powers to freeze suspected terrorist assets in foreign countries and increases their ability to gain access to offshore banking records. The Act amended what is known as the Bank Secrecy Act. The funding of terrorism is a criminal offense and those who fund terrorists are often able to conceal their activities. The Act is good in resolving this issue, as Section 312-319 stipulate as follows: (1) sets a 120-hour deadline for financial institutions to respond to certain information requests by federal investigators involving wide range of accounts; (2) creates new forfeiture provisions for those charged or convicted of certain terrorist crimes especially including money laundering, setting forfeiture authorities virtually unheard of in federal law to this point, and (3) permits access by federal investigators of records of certain correspondent accounts with foreign banks. (Michaels Van Bergen, 2002). To facilitate the job of the Justice department and other federal agencies involved in this counter terrorism mission, the Act makes it mandatory upon banks and domestic financial entities a new minimal and enhanced due diligence requirements on certain accounts, as a way of revealing possible use of accounts for terrorist financing. In addition, Section 412 of the Act provides for mandatory detention of suspected aliens, lists seven bases for such detention, allows a person to be held for seven days without any charge, permits possible indefinite detention for aliens deemed not removable, and ensures limited court review. Despite these and other positive aspects of the Act, which do, indeed, help U. S. officials combat terrorists and their activities, many other provisions violate civil liberties, the U. S. Constitution, and jeopardize the privacy of U. S. citizens without recourse for challenge. The arrest of suspected terrorists or their sympathizers has seen the arrest and detention of many Americans without due process of law. Basic rights of privacy have been eroded by the Act, including expanded search and seizure and surveillance laws. Responding to the Patriot Act, groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) (Congress takes aim, 2003) have filed legal challenges to the Act and have worked to lobby members of Congress to reconsider many of its provisions. The ACLU has argued that measures contained in the Act such as the right to obtain so-called sneak and peak warrants under a low evidentiary standard are direct violations of the intent and principle of Fourth Amendment protections. The Fourth Amendment was designed to protect the public against unreasonable searches and seizures. Consequently, law enforcement officials have until passage of the Patriot Act have needed to present a reasonably strong case to a court in order to obtain a warrant to enter a private home or business, confiscate certain types of property, or eavesdrop electronically on private conversations and communications. An ACLU spokesperson maintains that the Act represents an overnight revision of the nations surveillance laws that vastly expanded the governments authority to spy on its own citizens, while simultaneously reducing checks and balances on those powers like judicial oversight, public accountability, and the ability to challenge government searches in court, (Surveillance, 2005, p. 3). From arrests without evidence to random search and seizure, the Act represents a potential danger to the rights and civil liberties of the American people much more than it helps as a practical tool in combating terrorism. Consequently, cities across the United States, according to Schabner (2003), have begun to revolt against provisions of the Act, saying that it gives law enforcement too much power and threatens civil rights. In Massachusetts, the cities of Cambridge, Northampton, and Amherst and the township of Leveret have passed resolutions characterizing the Act as a threat to the civil rights of community residents. Berkeley California and Ann Arbor Michigan have also adopted such resolutions, while police in Portland and Oregon have refused to cooperate with the FBI on investigations of Middle Eastern students in their city. Schabner (2003) states that these resolutions and actions may be largely symbolic in that local governments or agencies have no authority to compel federal law enforcement to comply. Many Americans and units of government are concerned that the Act goes too far. For example, libraries, workplaces, private homes, schools, and other institutions which have e-mail services available to the public or a PC owner are vulnerable to surveillance by federal agencies (Sanders, 2003). The legislation enables the FBI to require libraries and other institutions to turn over data on individual activity, including book purchases and library check-outs, e-mail traffic, and so forth all without a showing of probable cause. The problem, says Robert Levy (2003) of the Cato institute, is that while the rationale for the Act and expanded investigative powers is that national security is at stake, the provisions of the Act are already being employed in matters that have little to do with terrorism or anti-terrorism investigations. Nancy Talanian (2002), a spokesperson for the Bill of Rights Defense Committee, identified the effects of the Patriot Act with respect to specific Amendments contained in the Bill of Rights. It is with respect to these basic civil liberties and protected rights that the policies changed by the Act will have the most impact. Earlier in this report, an overview of Fourth Amendment effects was offered, but Talanian (2002) pointed out that the Patriot Act also affects the First Amendment, Fifth Amendment, Sixth Amendment, and Eighth Amendment. The First Amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, infringing on the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. (Talanian, 2002, p. 2). As elucidated elsewhere in this paper, the Patriot Act is a complete violation of the First Amendment. The Fifth Amendment reads no person shall be held to answer for a crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law (Talanian, 2002, p. 7). The Patriot Act removes the requirement of obtaining judicial permission before listening in on conversations between prisoners and their attorneys, thus forcing prisoners to effectively be a witness against himself or herself. The Act establishes trials by a military tribunal at the discretion of the president for noncitizens, denying due process of law and permitting secret evidence and hearsay to be used against the accused. Talanian (2002) contends that the Fifth Amendment is impacted because the Patriot Act allows a committee composed of the Attorney General, the Secretary of Defense, and the CIA Director to label citizens and on citizens as enemy combatants placing them in military custody, holding them indefinitely, interrogating them, and denying them communication with outsiders or judicial review. Further, the FBI gains the ability to monitor and survey religious groups and political groups without evidence of wrongdoing, potentially compelling an unsuspecting participant in such gatherings to be a witness against himself. Finally, the broad powers given to the Attorney General to certify immigrants as risks deprives immigrants of liberty without due process of law. The effects of the Patriot Act on the Sixth Amendment are also significant. The Sixth Amendment establishes the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the state and district where a crime is alleged to have occurred; the right to be informed of the nature and cause of an accusation; the right to be confronted with witnesses, and the right to have compulsory process for obtaining defense witnesses and the assistance of counsel in constructing a defense (Talanian, 2002). Under the Patriot Act, each of these rights are suspended. Similarly, the Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and the infliction of cruel and unusual punishment. As Talanian (2002) has commented, Section 412 of the Patriot Act gives the Attorney General broad powers related to mandatory detention of suspected terrorists and suspension of habeas corpus and judicial review. This has the potential to result in the cruel and unusual punishment of deportation. Taken together, Talanian (2002) asserts that each of these attacks on civil liberties and rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights creates a situation in which the Executive Branch enjoys excessively broad discretionary powers. As public policy, therefore, what the Patriot Act does is that it effectively undermines the fundamental tenets of the American democratic system. With the possible exception of some critics, there are few in the United States today in and out of government who do not believe that terrorism continues to present a very real threat to national security or that government has both the obligation and the responsibility to take affirmative action to protect the security of the nation and its citizens. However, allocating virtually unlimited powers to the Executive Branch, with the potential to permit dilution of the rights and liberties guaranteed by and enshrined in the Constitution, is not appropriate and may well be extremely threatening to the American democratic system. Consequently, alternative policies must be examined. Among these alternative policies is the elimination of the provisions within the Patriot Act that seek to reduce the oversight authority of courts with respect to all types of surveillance. Schabner (2003) intimated this abuse of power is not necessarily out of any deliberate attempt to diminish civil liberties but rather in an overzealous effort to identify potential terrorists or other criminals. By requiring that federal investigative agencies follow standardized procedure for obtaining court warrants for surveillance activities and showing probable cause; greater attention to the right of individuals to be free from excessive searches and seizures will be established and guaranteed. A second policy initiative is the creation of a Congressional task force or oversight committee that works directly with the coalition of federal investigative agencies headed by the Department of Justice. Creating a mechanism for Congressional involvement in the activities of these task forces will help to restore the balance of power within the government as provided for by the Constitution. Michaels and Van Bergen (2002) believe that creating coalitions of this type will help to render the entire process of combating terrorism more transparent. Transparency will also introduce new elements of accountability and help to prevent any Executive Branch abuses of new powers. To maintain the provisions of FIS and to ensure equality between the various organs of government, section 218 of the Patriot Act should be eliminated. Under FISA, a specifically created federal court must approve electronic surveillance of citizens and resident aliens believed to be acting on behalf of a foreign power (Levy, 2003). Under FISA, approval for a warrant is lower than probable cause but higher than other standards. Finally, the Patriot Act must have the provisions regarding Executive Branch powers of detention removed. Under Section 412 of the Act, noncitizen suspects linked to possible terrorist activities can be held without counsel for seven days. The Act effectively allows expanded detention simply by permitting a detainee to be charged with a technical violation (Van Bergen, 2002, 2002 b, 2002c, 2002d). Levy (2003) contends that more than 1,000 detainees to date may have been denied access to their attorneys under this section of the Act. The USA Patriot Act does little to ombat terrorism and represents a threat to the liberties of the American people. Since the passage of the USA Patriot Act, there have been numerous terrorist attacks around the world. The worst terrorist attack after 911 was the Fort Hood killings right here in the U. S. While legislation like the Patriot Act is required to help provide authorities with the tools they need to combat terrorism, such legislation must endur e lengthy congressional review, public debate, and stop at the place where U. S. citizens rights and civil liberties begin. If not, we risk creating a government whose ultimate power may represent more of a threat to the American people than any terrorist group. This essay has moved from an overview of the USA Patriot Act to a review of the critical literature regarding the importance of the Act in relations to the potential of the Act to lead directly to violations of the civil rights and liberties of citizens and noncitizens alike. The unintended and intended public policy consequences of the Act have been analyzed, along with recommendations for perfection of the Act. As a type of public policy, there appears to be sufficient evidence that the Patriot Act violates many of the basic principles that have been articulated in the U. S. Constitution, particularly within the Bill of Rights. Because this is the case, it is now important to reconsider whether or not the Patriot Act should be allowed, modified or to remain in place. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is the leading organization calling for fundamental changes in the Patriot Act. The policy recommendations presented above address the fundamental changes to Americans legal rights that are contained in this Act. Schabner (2003b) has suggested that these types of changes to the procedures outlined or permitted in the Patriot Act can help to restore American confidence in governments determination to continue functioning as the protector of civil liberties and rights.

Essay on Agenda 3

Essay on Agenda 3 Essay on Agenda 3 Fire Evacuation Meeting December 23, 2019 0900hrs – 1130hrs Padre White Lounge Meeting called by: Positive Outlook Company Type of meeting: Planning Planning Facilitator: Tom Jones Note taker: Sally Fairfield Sally Field Timekeeper: Sally Field Attendees: Tom Jones, Fred Nerks, Sally Field, Peter Rabbit, Karen Goat, Peter Hazard Apologies: Nil Minutes of last meeting Sally Field Minutes Agenda item: O901hrs 1. Proposed Planned Evacuation Routine, Companies fire/ evacuation policies. Presenter: Tom Jones Discussion: Welcome by Tom Jones explanation of meeting purpose given Request for all phones to be turned off. Companies fire evacuation procedure need to comply with the companies fire safety policies and government by-laws. Building Plan shown Action items Person responsible Deadline Nil action required Agenda item: 0938hrs Role of Fire Brigade in the event of fire or evacuation of building and requirements of this department Presenter: Fred Nerks Discussion: Fire chief would take command on delegating tasks in the event of fire. Fire Brigade free uncluttered access to all parts of building at all times Have access to building plans displaying location of exit doors fire extinguishers etc .A plan of building to be placed clearly in foyer showing locations of fire equipment, exits and evacuation assembly point. Action items Person responsible Deadline Plan of building charting the above needs Tom Jones 20th Jan Agenda item: 1000hrs Fire wardens role in event of fire, evacuation Presenter: Karen Goat Discussion: Fire Warden will delegate duties and direct staff to appropriate areas in the event of fire. Fire warden will do roll call to identify if any person is missing. Was determined more Fire wardens needed Karen voiced concern she was unsure of fire wardens role compared to the fire chief Fire wardens role explained by Fred Nerks (fire brigade chief) Participants agreed a role description should be prepared and issued Action items Person responsible Deadline Fire wardens selected Karen Goat 10th Jan Fire Wardens role description Fred Nerks 10th Jan Agenda item: 1022hrs Hazards and risks Presenter: Peter Rabbit Discussion: Hazards that could cause problems in the event of a evacuation. Exit doors need to be cleared. Flammable liquids need to be stored in correct manner. Determined that wheelchair access is poor in case of evacuation alterations need to be made. Ramps instead of steps suggested and agreed on by participants. A full hazard/risk evaluation to be completed and addressed at next meeting. Action items Person responsible Deadline Full Hazard/Risk evaluation of premises inner and outer Peter